Biochemical characteristics of Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in different cultural practices and their relationship to milling and cooking quality
1997
Tatiya Siharai | Vanna Tulyathan | Sakda Jongkaewwattaina (Chulalongkorn Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Science. Dept. of Food Technology)
This research investigated the effect of field drainage time and nitrogen fertilizer on biochemical of rice grain and its relationship to both milling and cooking quality, Field experiment comprised of three factors arranged in split-split plot design with four replications. Main plot was time of field drainage (20 and 25 days after heading). Sub plot was nitrogen application rates (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha) Sub-sub plot was various rice cultivars in which three Thai rice cultivars namely, Daw Nang Nual (DNN, photoperiod sensitive stickly rice), Khaw Dok Mali 105 (KDML 105, photoperiod nonsticky rice), and RD 1 (photoperiod non-sensitive, non-stickly rice) were selected. Rice seeds were sown into wet seed beds on July 28th, 1993. Seedlings were transplanted at 25 day after sowing at spacing of 25x25 cm with three seedlings per hill. The field experiment was conducted at Multiple Cropping Center field, Chiang Mai University. Initial study indicated a direct relationship between nitrogen levels and protein contents of rough rice and head rice yield. An inverse relationship was found between drainage time and percentage head rice and protein contents. A statistical correlationship of r = 0.42, 0.50 and 0.57 was found for protein contents in rough rice and head rice for DNN, RD 1 and KDML 105, respectively. Examination of the cross sections of rice by SEM revealed a direct relationship between cracking patterns and protein contents, Amylograph of high protein rice pointed to an inverse relationship between peak viscosity and protein content; whereas amylose content has direct effect on pasting temperature and retrogradation.
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