Comparative pharmacokinetics and withdrawal times of sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadiazine and sulfamethazine in chicken
1999
Amnart Poapolathep | Naruamol Klangkaew | Naphason Phaochusak (Kasetsart Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Pharmacology)
Pharmacokinetic parameters which describe the disposition of sulfamonomethoxine (SMNX), sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were investigated on clinically healthy chickens. Each animal was injected as an intravenously (i.v.), intramuscularly (i.m.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and orally (p.0.) at a single identical dose rate of 50 mg/kg body weight, A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was developed to expound the disposition of these drugs. Except the kinetic of SMZ was elucidated by one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Considerable pharmacokinetic differences were statistically significant among SMNZ, SDZ and SMZ when the plasma concentration-time profiles were compared. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters after i.v. administration were the following : the elimination half-lives (T 1/2 beta)=4.30+-0.65, 3.30+-0.57 and 5.45+-1.00 h ; the total body clearance (ClB)=0.102+-0.032, 0.103+-0.020 and 0.064+-0.018 L/kg/h; the elimination rate constants (Kel)=0.334+-0.052, 0.455+-0.058 and 0.127+-0.025/h ; the apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area))=0.632+-0.124, 0.491+-0.009 and 0.500+-0.041 L/kg for SMNX, SDZ and SMZ, respectively. In addition, the i.m. s.c. and p.o. bioavailability were the following subsequently : 71.20+-9.88, 88.77+-3.29 and 55.26+-2.88 percent for SMNX; 96.68+-4.76, 89.36+-3.28 and 74.10+-9.76 percent for SDZ and 86.60+-13.26, 88.67+-7.94 and 61.51+-8.16 percent for SMZ. Actually these available values were utilized for establishing the dosage regimen, preslaughter withdrawal time and maximum residue limits for chickens.
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