Major animal health problems based on the opinion of pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, and sedentary farmers and condition of animal health services in Shinille zone of Somali National Regional State

This study was initiated with an objective to summarize the prevalent disease of domestic animals based on the opinion of the herd owners and to examine the condition of animal health services in Shinille. The method used to collect information was interviews and focus group discussion. In cattle black leg was one of the major reported cattle diseases with the morbidity and mortality of 30.7% and 21.8% respectively. Foot and mouth disease was reported with morbidity and mortality of 53.9% and 13% respectively. Botulism was reported to be one of the most important diseases with the morbidity of 31.6% and a mortality of 30.5%. Contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia was also reported with a morbidity of 52.9% and a mortality of 35.7%/ Other diseases of cattle reported were anthrax, pneumonia, gastrointestinal tract parasite, and Jaundice. Among the major diseases of camel reported by herd owners, respiratory disease complex and trypanosomiasis were reported with 50.4 and 24.5% and 70.5 and 42% morbidity and mortality respectively. Other diseases reported were sarcoptic mange, gastrointestinal tract parasite, and contagious ecthyma, corynabacteriosis and tick infestations. In the small ruminants ticks infestation and ticks borne diseases followed by mange mines identified by herd owners as a major health problem with a morbidity and mortality of 28.7% and 11.6% and 58.4% and 38.7% respectively. The other important diseases reported by herd owners was contagious caprine pleuro pneumonia with a mortality of 91.4% and mortality of 47.9%. The herd owners also reported diseases and syndromes like gastrointestinal parasite, diarrhea jaundice and 'Hulumbo'. Donkeys are also one of the important livestock unit in Shinille zone. Disease ranked first and reported from all livestock production system in the area was 'Bocho' a disease that results in swelling of reproductive organs and ventral abdomen, the morbidity and morality of this diseases is 75 and 57.6% respectively.