Isolation and distribution of Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of wilt disease of pistachio and pathogenicity of selected isolates on common rootstocks in pistachio growing areas of Iran
2004
Mohammadi Gharoudi, Mohammad Hosein | Afzali, Hamid | Mohammadi, Amir Hossein | Mohammadi Moghadam, Mehdi | Hosseini Fard, Seyyed Javad | Masoumi, Heidar | Bani Hashmi, Ziaeddin
In 1950, the first report of infection of pistachio trees by Verticillium dahliae was recorded in California. Incidence of Verticillium wilt has been reported from Kerman and Semnan provinces but there is no sufficient information of its importance in Iran. Therefore the present study was undertaken to determine of distribution of Verticillium wilt in pistachio growing area especially in Kerman province. Samples of shoot, soil and weeds vicinity of pistachio trees were collected from Kerman (Rafsanjan, Kerman, Sirjan, Zarand, Shahrebabak, Ravar, Harat and Marvast), Semnan (Damghan) and Khorasan (Birjand, Qaen, Ferdos, Gonabad, Kashmar, Faiz abad, Naishabour) provinces. V. dahliae was isolated from pistachio shoots in some areas of Kerman, Semnan and Khorasan provinces. Isolation of V. dahliae from soils of pistachio orchard was limit. Water agar medium containing 35 g/lit NaCl, ethyl alcohol agar and pectate medium had the most efficacy of isolation of V. dahliae from soil, respectively. Effort for isolation of V. dahliae from weeds in pistachio growing area was not successful. Some isolates of V. dahliae were inoculated to pistachio rootstocks (Sarakhs, Qazvini and Badami-e- Zarand) and re-isolated from shoots in greenhouse conditions.
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