Evaluation of herbicide treatments and plant density on weeds of broadbean

This study was conducted in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate the effects of herbicide treatments and plant density on weeds of broadbean field which cause significant broadbean yield reduction annually , at the Safi abad agricultural research center of Dezful , Iran . The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with strip plot arrangement of treatments with three replications. Plant row spacing was as vertical factor at three levels consisting plant row spacings of 45 , 55 and 65 cm , plant spacing in the row was as horizontal factor at three levels consisting plant spacing of 10 , 20 and 30 cm in the row and herbicide treatment was as sub-plot at six levels consisting preemergence application of chlorthal dimethyl at 7.5 and 9 kg ai/ha , postemergence application bentazon at 0.75 and 1 kg ai/ha plus haloxyfop ethoxy ethyl at 0.25 kg ai/ha weed free and weedy checks . Chenopodium murale , Malva sylvestris and Sinapis arvensis and total number of weeds were controlled and dry weight of weeds were reduced by all herbicide treatments in 1999 . Beta maritima , Malva sylvestris and total number of weeds were controlled and dry weight of weeds were reduced by all herbicide treatments in 2000 . Effect of plant row spacing , plant spacing in the row and their interaction effects on total number and dry weight of weeds were not significant. There was a significant difference among herbicide treatments with respect to their effects on yield , number of pods per plant and 100 kernel weight in 1999 . Effect of herbicide treatments on yield and 100 kernel weight was significantly different in 2000 . Effect of herbicide treatments on biomass and number of stems per plant was significatly different but on stem height and number of seeds per pod was not significant . Compared to the weedy check application of chlorthal dimethyl at 7.5 and 9 kg ai/ha , bentazon at 0.75 and 1 kg ai/ha plus haloxyfop ethoxy ethyl at 0.25 kg ai/ha and weed free check increased broadbean seed yield by 2.91 , 2.13 , 5.53 , 5.56 and 5.8 times in 1999 and by 28, 34 , 24 , 47 and 48% in 2000 . Effect of plant row spacing on the number of stems and yield was significant but on the stem height , biomass , number of seeds per pod and 100 kernel weight was not significant . Plant row spacings of 65 and 45 cm with 3.03 and 2.43 stems in 1999 and plant row spacings of 65 and 55 cm with 6.51 and 5.71 stems in 2000 had the highest and lowest number of stems per plant , respectively . Plant row spacings of 45 and 65 cm with 3.065 and 2.292 T/ha had the highest and lowest level of broadbean yield . Effect of plant spacing in the row on number of stems , biomass , yield and 100 kernel weight was significant but on stem height , number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod was not significant. Plant spacing in the row of 10 and 30 cm with 2.631 and 1.989 T/ha and plant spacing in the row of 10 and 20 cm with 101.2 and 85.6 g had the highest and lowest yield and 100 kernel weight , respectively in 1999 . Plant spacing in the row of 20 and 30 cm with 3.781 and 2.466 T/ha and 111.8 and 100.2 g had the highest and lowest yield and 100 kernel weight , respectively in 2000 . Plant spacing in the row of 10 and 30 cm with 2.024 and 0.993 kg/m2 and plant spacing in the row of 30 and 10 cm with 4.93 and 3.89 stems had the highest and lowest yield and number of stems per plant , respectively . Interaction effects of plantrow spacing by plant spacing in the row on yield and yield components was not significant . Postemergence application of bentazon at 0.75 or 1 kg ai/ha plus haloxyfop ethoxy ethyl at 0.25 kg ai/ha or preemergence application of chlorthal dimethyl at 7.5 or 9 kg ai/ha or two hand weedings at 5 and 11 weeks after planting and plant row spacing of 45 cm and plant spacings of 10 or 20 cm in the row are recommended for weed control and yield increase in broadbean fields.