Zones of climatic risk of late potato cultivation in Poland
2005
Kalbarczyk, R.,Akademia Rolnicza, Szczecin (Poland). Katedra Meteorologii i Klimatologii
To determine climatic threats of late potato crops in Poland the results covering field experimentation from 23 COBORU (Research Centre for Varieties of Cultivated Plants) experimental stations and ten day meteorological data were taken. The latter includes real insolation totals, average, minimum and maximum air temperatures, soil temperature at the depth of 5 cm, average values of air relative humidity measured at 1 p.m., atmospheric precipitation totals and number of days of daily precipitation greater or equal 0.5 mm, in the years 1972-1995. On the basis of multiple regression equation and diagrams of correlation between late potato crops and weather conditions the following meteorological elements disadvantageous for the plant yields were distinguished: air temperature in May below 11.5 deg C and in August above 18.4 deg C and atmospheric precipitation total in the period from 21st April to 30th June above 166 mm and in the period from 11th August to 30th September below 55 mm. Out of the four defined zones of climatic risk of late potato cultivation in Poland concerning disadvantageous thermal and precipitation conditions the greatest threat appears in the southern part of he country (zone IV) where the risk of potential lowering of the crops equals 25 percent, whereas the lowest danger is in the mid-eastern part of Poland (zone I). It is a zone of nearly 7 percent potential lowering of potato yields and the one of twice as low a danger of possible occurrence of disadvantageous meteorological elements as in zone IV. In all the four defined zones of climatic risk of late potato cultivation in Poland the disadvantageous effect of air temperature in May and August and that of atmospheric precipitation in the periods from 21st April and 30th September occur twice more often in the first half of the vegetation period than in the second half
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