Effect of probiotics on intestinal mucosal humoral immunity and cellular immunity of chickens

Chinese. 为了观察益生素对雏鸡肠道黏膜免疫的影响，将60只雏鸡随机分为益生素组和对照组，分别在灌服益生素后1，4，7，10和18 d，采集肠液、十二指肠派伊尔结和盲肠扁桃体，观测肠道黏膜抗体生成细胞数量、T细胞数量和肠液免疫球蛋白相对含量的变化，并在服用益生素后4 d对盲肠扁桃体的超微结构进行了常规透射电镜及扫描电镜观察。结果表明，在服用益生素后7 d，雏鸡肠液的IgA高于未服用益生素的对照雏鸡（P0.01），十二指肠派伊尔结的IgG生成细胞数量在10 d、IgM生成细胞数量在7 d明显高于对照组雏鸡（P0.05），盲肠扁桃体弥散区的IgA生成细胞数量在7~10 d、IgG生成细胞数量在7 d、IgM生成细胞数量在4~7 d明显高于对照组雏鸡（P0.05）；盲肠扁桃体的T淋巴细胞在雏鸡服用益生素后7 d明显高于对照组（P0.01）；盲肠扁桃体绒毛表面的微绒毛密度和长度在服用益生素后3 d也明显提高；随着雏鸡日龄增加，益生素的影响逐渐减弱。可见，益生素能够提高雏鸡生长初期的肠道黏膜免疫。

English. Sixty chickens were randomly divided into two groups to determine the effect of oral administration of probiotics on the intestinal mucosal immune response. The first group (control) was fed with a basic diet without antibiotic or probiotics. The second group was fed with the same diet as the control, except receiving drinking water with probiotics. Intestinal fluid, Peyer’s patch and cecal tonsils were taken at day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 18 after administration of probiotics. The number of antibody-forming cells and tlymphocytes of intestine, and the content of immunglobulin of intestinal fluid were observed. Besides, the ultrastructure of cecal tonsils was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs and transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs at day 4 after orally fed with probiotics. The results showed that compared with the control, probiotics enhanced the content of following items: IgA in the intestinal fluid at day 7 (P0.01), the IgG-forming cells at day 10 (P0.05), IgM forming cells in the Peyer’s patch at day 7 (P0.05), IgA forming cells at day 7-10 (P0.05), IgG forming cells at day 7 (P0.05) and IgM forming cells in cecal tonsils diffuse area at day 4-7 (P0.05). T lymphocytes in cecal tonsils were enhanced at day 7 (P0.01) after orally fed with probiotics. The density of microvilli and length of cecal tonsils increased after probiotics were administrated at day 4. With chicken aging, the efficiency of probiotics would decrease. These results suggested that probiotcs could enhance intestinal mucosal immunity of chicken at the early age.