Study on parasitic nematodes fauna of cereal in Iran

In order to identify of parasitic nematodes of cereal in six Provinces i.e. Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Ilam, Boushehr and Mazandaran some root and soil samples were collected from wheat, barley and corn fields. The samples were analysed by current nematology methods and the nematodes were identified by valid references. Root lesion nematodes Pratylenchus thornei, P. neglectus, Geocenamus, brevidens, G. rugosus, Amplimerlinius macrorus, cyst forming nematode Heterodera filipjevi and seed gall nematode Anguina tritici were almost common species in all provinces. Root lesion nematodes P. meditraneus, Pratylenchoides ritteri and cyst-forming nematode H. avenae were found in wheat field in Ilam Province. P. crenatus and P. hexincisus were frequently found in wheat fields in Tehran Province. A. agrostis was identified on barley from Fars Province for the first time in Iran. Its host range was studied on Tritichum aestivum, Avena ludoviciana, Hordeum vulgare, H. spontaneum, Lolium rigidum, Phalaris minor. Among the species only Hordeum vulgare and H. spontaneum produced infected galls and were determined as the hosts of A. agrostis. .Anguina sp. was also found on barley in Ilam Province. Savajbolagh, Shahriar, and Varamin regions possess the most sever infection to root lesion nematodes in Tehran Province. Mehran, Dehloran, Darehshahr and Abdanan regions possess the most sever infection to root lesion nematodes and cyst-forming nematodes in Ilam Province. The species of Pratylenchus in Kelardasht region and Pratylenchoides ritteri. in Dasht-e-Naz region in Mazandaran Province possess the most frequency and population density. In Boushehr Province wheat fields in Pishkouh was infected by P. thornei and H. filipjevi was found in Dash-e-Palalang region. In Isfahan Province H. filipjevi was found in Ardestan, Naein and Golpayegan and P. thornei and P. neglectus were found in Mobarakeh, Meymeh, Ardestan and Naein. The species Aphelenchoides asterocaudatus, A. composticola, A. spicomucronatus, Hemicycliophora poragana, Tylenchorhynchus teeni and Seinura demani were found for the first time from Iran in Isfahan and Helicotylenchus platyurus was found for the first time in Iran from Ilam. The other nematodes identified are as follows: Atetylenchus abulbosus, Filenchus vulgaris, Boleodorus tylactus, Ditylenchus acutus, D. myceliophagus, Geocenamus rogosus, G. stegus, G. brevidens, G. microdorus, Amplimelinius macrorus, P. penetran, Zygotylenchus guvarai, Helicotylenchus cavenessi, H. digonicus, H. pseudorobustus, H. vulgaris, Criconemella antipolitanum, Criconemella xenoplax, Paratylenchus tatae, Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides centralis, A. lanceolatus, A. sacchari, A. limberi, Seinura demani. The study showed that root lesion and cyst forming nematodes are widespread in the most Provinces. Study on importance and role of these nematodes in wheat fields and determination the species of Rathaybacter in relation to seed gall nematode A. agrostis need to be done