Investigation of effective ingredients changes during growing period of Melissa officinalis, Artemisia scoparia and Artemisia spcigera in order to find the sutiable harvesting time.

In this project we studied effective ingredient changes of Melissa officinalis, Artemisia scoparia and Artemia spicigera during growth period for two years. Melissa officinalis were collected from Malekan and Arasbaran and Artemisia scoparia from Arasbaran, Jolfa and Tabriz and Artemisia spicigera from khajeh, Jolfa and Tabriz at three phenlogy steps (vegetative, flowering, after flowering). All samples were dried at room temperature and shadow condition and then kept at closed container and cool palce. Essences of plants were taken by steam distillation method then separated from aqueos phase and dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate. We measured weight of essences and sent all of samples to medicinal plants department of Research Institue of Forests and Rangelands for determination of compounds by GC- Mass instruments. Anaylsis of results was done by combined analysis with L.S.D test in five percent confidence level. The results showed that average amount of Melissa officinalis oil in Malekan for varios growth steps(vegetative,flowering,after flowering) are (0.04,0.15,0.08)and Arasbaran(0.016,0.025,0.036) respectively. Main constituents of essence are neral,geranial,beta-caryophyllen,germacrene and caryophyllen oxide and variation of them in Malekan are (12.21,8.8,1059), (23.83,34.18,21.39), (11.05,7.93,25.49), (5.21,3.74,4.68), (11.51,16.2,10.33) in Arasbaran (14.6,10.56,11.58), (23.36,2064,22.62), (11.6,9.56,26.67), (-,4.51,4.94), (11.23,19.53,10.92%) respectively. Artemisia spicigera essence during growth steps were found (0.32,0.68,0.28) in Jolfa, (0.36,0.58,0.025) in khajeh and (0.15,0.14,0.06%) in Tabriz. Main constituents are alpha- pinene, 1,8-cineole and camphor. Average amount of Artemisia scoparia essential oil for three growth steps in Jolfa, Arasbaran and Tabriz respectively as followed: (0.098,0.17,0.33), (0.18,0.59,0.39), (0.29,0.58,0.68). Main compounds are carvone, caryophyllen, cadinene and hexadecane. &#56256&#56347&#56256&#56340The results of experiments show the amount of Melissa officinialis essence in Malekan is more than Arasbaran and shadow condition doesn&rsquot have effect on essence amount. Melissa officinalis has higher essence at flowering time. Results of Artemisia scoparia show the essence amounts depends on ecological condition and have additional variation during growth period. At the end we found from results of Artemisia spicigera the quantity of essence relative to environmental conditions and get same amount in Khajeh and Jolfa and Tabriz samples have less amount.