Machines in conservation soil tillage technologies
2008
Masek, J., Czech Univ. of Life Sciences, Prague (Czech Republic). Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Agricultural Machines | Prochazka, P., Czech Univ. of Life Sciences, Prague (Czech Republic). Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Agricultural Machines | Kviz, Z., Czech Univ. of Life Sciences, Prague (Czech Republic). Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Agricultural Machines | Sindelar, R., Czech Univ. of Life Sciences, Prague (Czech Republic). Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Agricultural Machines
Conservation agriculture is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while concurrently conserving the environment. Conservation agriculture is based on enhancing natural biological processes above and below the ground. Interventions such as mechanical soil tillage are reduced to an absolute minimum, and the use of external inputs such as agrochemicals and nutrients of mineral or organic origin are applied at an optimum level and in a way and quantity that does not interfere with, or disrupt, the biological processes. CA is characterized by two principles, which are linked to each other. It is continuous minimum mechanical soil disturbance and permanent organic soil cover. Conservation tillage (agriculture) technologies were ploughing by a moldboard plough is replaced by tillers and shallow soil loosening in increasingly used as a soil treatment. It is typical for shallow soil tillage that all plant residues are left on the soil surface, or in the tilled upper soil layer. The plant residues can play very important role by next plant cultivation. The shovel and discs tillers are possible to use to advantage in conventional soil tillage systems and also by using conservation soil tillage technologies where is ploughing replaced by shallow tillage. In the experimental section the aim of research was described which is possible to summarize briefly as follows – the evaluation of soil physical properties on tillers work quality (especially on size of clods after soil treatment on the top and in the soil profile), evaluation of sweep tillers and disc tillers work quality by stubble ploughing.
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