Development of integrated pest management for citrus
2007
Evangelista, C.C., University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato (Philippines). College ogf Agriculture
Field surveys on the incidence or prevalence of insect pests were done in various citrus orchards of North Cotabato (Philippines). Results reveal that citrus rindborer, Prays endolemma Diakoroff, was the most destructive insect pest. Highest incidence was noted in Matalam with 44.20 percent and had the highest damage rating of 48.55 percent. The greenish caterpillar burrows into the rind of the fruit, feeds on it, and causes gall formations over the damaged tissues. Immature fruits tend to drop when heavy infestation occurs. Other pests such as aphid, citrus thrip, fruitfly, leafminer, and scale insect had minimal population counts and degree of damage. Chlorpyrifos + betacyluthrin offered significant protection to pummelo fruits from the attack of rindborer as showm by lower percentage infestation (23.33 and 18.33 percent) and lower number of galls per fruit (1.25 and 0.42) at peso and baseball sizes. Comparable effect was further noted with deltamethrin. However, botanical insecticides such as makabuhai, madre de cacao, and neem tree extracts did not significantly reduce the infestation, likewise, the number of galls was not significantly affected. Moreover, chlorpyrifos + betacyfluthrin at 60mL/100L of water can minimize the number of holes per fruit (0.53-1.94) and percentage fruit infestation (22.33-37.77 percent). The shorter the interval of insecticide application at five days interval and lower the rate of fertilizer at 400g/tree of ammonium phosphate (16-20-0) + 200 g/tree of urea (46-0-0), the lower the percentage fruit infestation will be. On the other hand, the two pummelo varieties, namely: Magallanes and Siamese, did not differ significantly in terms of number of holes per fruit and percent fruit infestation.
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