Dynamics of water quality of the San Cristobal river systems, Laguna, Philippines
2006
Gacelo, E.P.
The study sought to assess the spatio-temporal variations in the water quality of San Cristobal River (SCR) and its biological component with an end-in-view of developing a design of rehabilitation measures. The continuing deterioration of the water quality of this river is evidenced by low DO, high turbidity, high total N and total P in the ecosystem. Water quality in the SCR varied in relation to land use and the amount of precipitation. Water temperature varied within the allowable limits indicative of this factor's being under the influence mainly of solar radiation. There were no evidences of entry into the study areas of thermal effluents that altered water temperature beyond the normal. The industrial area was subject to conditions that limited the amount of dissolved oxygen during the warm, dry month, at the start of the rainy season, and the cold dry month. Total P exceeded the standard in the industrial and residential zones during the cool dry and warm dry months. Total N was excessive in the three land uses in the following order of increasing concentration: residential industrial agricultural. In combination with the results indicative of a high P coming from the residential zone, it is implied that in the river, the domestic sector is the primary source of cultural eutrophication followed by industry and lastly, by agriculture practice. The river's pH vacillated within a safe range vis-a-vis the standard implying that the river is well buffered. Salinity levels indicated the river as freshwater. Zinc highly correlated with total N and indirectly varied with pH. A correlation with N could mean that Zn was bound in organic matter or that the conditions leading to an organic increment in the river similarly increased the detectable Zn load.
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