[Sapropel. Resources, processing, geoecology]
2007
Kosov, V.I.
The book summarizes long-term researches of sapropel that is an unique treasure of soil and nature. The characteristic of its deposits in North-Western part of Russia is given and the reserves are determined. 37% of sapropel reserves are located in Central economical region, 24% are in Ural region, 11% are in North-Western region. The tolerable annual mining operations in Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver provinces are presented. Monitoring of sapropel compound, structure and properties is given as well as extraction of raw materials and its processing. Actual classifications of sapropel depending on application are shown as well as ecological risks. Mining technology from a bottom of reservoirs is presented. This technology is a selective and ecologically safe way of sapropel extraction. Organo-mineral prolongated fertilizers were received during granulation of sapropel with mineral additives. If they were applied in the rate of 2 ton per ha the additional yield of barley was 0.204 ton per ha (the control yield was 0.116 ton per ha). If they were applied in the rate of 20 ton per ha the additional yield of potatoes was 0.90 ton per ha (the control yield was 1.22 ton per ha). The potato was less sensitive to diseases and was longer stored. Especially valuable component of sapropel is nitrogen in various forms with the content reaching 4-6 %. The rates of sapropel applied as lime ameliorant varied from 20 to 120 ton per ha subject to its structure. Low-ash sapropels (ash-content up to 30 %) are suitable as forage for cattle. A daily dose of sapropelic food additives was 0.03-0.060 kg for one head. The content of vitamins comes to 10-2082 mg per kg in this amount of sapropel. Sapropels composted with manure had the greatest agronomical effect. The yield increased in 2-3 times and sapropel aftereffect was 3-5 years what was very significant for sandy soils.
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