[Restoration of soil fertility in Republic Tatarstan]
2007
Lomako. E.I. | Bakirov, N.B.,Tatarstan Research and Development Institute of Agriculture, Kazan (Russian Federation)
The main methods of soil fertility restoration and supplying in Tatarstan are given. The detailed soil and climatic characteristic of this area is presented. The accent is made on the main soil types, including data on agrochemical indices, on group and factional composition of humus, nitrogen and potassium. Acid soils occupy 41% (that is 1379.5 ha) in the percentage of the soils in Tatarstan. The efficiency of local lime materials, including dolomite powder, ground phosphorite powder and lime is generalized. The liming efficiency of forest light-grey soils, leached and podzol chernozems is shown. The full rates of ameliorant (1.0 hydrolytic soil acidity) should be applied in the case of subsurface tillage of grey soils. This should be followed by working-in of lime fertilizer by disk topsoil plow to the depth of 0.01- 0.02 m. The most efficient method is to apply ameliorants on the leach chernozems twice: first a half of the rate is applied during tillage, then another half during tilling. The data on the types of lime applying (surface and traditional) and its rates, the effect on soil acidity and crop yield are presented. In 1995-2005 the areas characterized by low humus, phosphorus and potassium content increased because of chemicalization reduction. The experiments proved high efficiency of local minerals. They showed that 1 ton of phosphorites, bentonitic clay, zeolite-containing stone application has affect on yield, the additions were 0.0098-0.125, 0.0196-0.0236, 0.0135-0.014 and 0.0064-0.01 ton per ha respectively. Three-year experiments with spring wheat showed the efficiency of the follow insecticide treatment system: Karate treatment in the stage of standings, Impakt (0.5 l per ha)+Decis (0.2 l per ha) +urea (30 kg of reactant) and Dialen (2 l per ha) +Tur (4 l per ha) treatment in the booting stage. The additional yield was 0.18 ton per ha, protein and gluten content was 15.7% and 32.1% respectively
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