Review of water harvesting in dry farming
2007
Shimbo, Y.(Ministry of Agriculture (Zimbabwe))
Water harvesting in agriculture generally refers to the methods of collection and storage of surface runoff on land and river runoff. The word 'water harvesting' is defined in this report as 'the collection and storage of any kind of water that is used for irrigation'. Water harvesting is known as the technique of collecting surface runoff to arable areas with ridges. However, there are also a few other forms of techniques used. Techniques of water harvesting are of importance to many, as they have the potential of increasing crop production in arid and semiarid zones. Furthermore, adopting this technique, which has the effect of conserving soil and water, can lead to dramatic future progress in farm production in areas under high risk of desertification. Its classification is made on supply sources of water and topographic elements. The individual techniques are divided into small area water harvesting, large area water harvesting, inside of wadi and water diversion out of wadi. The water harvesting also has factors such as optimization of technology, determination of suitable crops and well matched system type, economic analysis and maintenance and social/economic impacts.
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