The chemiluminescence probes for detecting superoxide anions based on bioluminescence
2008
Teranishi, K.(Mie Univ., Tsu (Japan))
In this review, I describe the chemical principles of bioluminescence and chemiluminescence in the imidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one compounds, including Cypridina luciferin, coelenterazine, and their analogues, and the development of chemiluminescence probes for detecting superoxide anions on the basis of bioluminescence. Bioluminescence is observed in many marine organisms; it is particularly common among deep-sea organisms. The substance imidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one, which has been recognized to be a common structure of marine biolummescence substance. There are two type reactions in bioluminescence: one is a reaction between the energy-source substance 'luciferin' and the enzyme 'luciferase', called the luciferin-luciferase reaction, as Cypridina bioluminescence, and another one is the photoprotein system, has been found in such organisms as the jellyfish Aequorea aequorea. The imidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one luciferins react with active oxygen species without luciferase and show chemiluminescence in lower quantum yields than in bioluminescence. Some researchers studied to use the imidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one luciferins as chemiluminescence probes for detecting the active oxygen species, especially superoxide anions. Then, some chemiluminescence probes, for instance, CLA, MCLA, FCLA, EMPEC, Green Chemiluminescent CD, and Red-CLA, have been developed and are now widely used.
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