Phytochemical contents and antimicrobial properties of floral extracts from different gumamela cultivars
2007
Magalong, A.L., Lyceum-Northwestern Univ., Tapuac District, Dagupan City (Philippines). Natural Sciences Dept. | Lopez, C.N.P., Lyceum-Northwestern Univ. Tapuac District, Dagupan City (Philippines). Research and Development Management Office
The study was conducted to determine the phytochemical content and antimicrobial properties of floral extracts from 14 cultivars of gumamela (Hibiscus rosa sinensis) and generate information that could serve as a guide in its utilization as medicinal plant. The flowers used in the study were of colors white, red, yellow, pink, peach and violet. The petals that make up the corolla were open, closed or fringed and were either single bloom or double bloom. Alcoholic floral extracts were prepared and assayed for their phytochemical contents. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts were tested and compared with a control antibiotic using disc diffusion method. All the floral extracts from the different gumamela cultivars were found to contain alkaloids, cardenolides and bufadienolides, tannins, protein and carbohydrates but yielded negative results for anthraqueinones and oils. Saponin glycosides were tested present in red, pink, peach, violet, shoeflower and fringed gumamela but absent in white and yellow flowers. Flavonoids were present only in red and pink flowers and in shoeflower and fringed gumamela. Resin was present only in red, pink, peach and violet flowers, shoeflower and fringed gumamela. Cultivars that have flowers within the same range of color appear to share the same phytochemicals but differ in detectable amounts. The antimicrobial property of the gumamela floral extracts is influenced by the color, arrangement and petal variation of the flowers and type of bacteria used. Extract from red gumamela flower is effective for Staphylococcus aureus. For Streptococcus pyogenes, floral extract from peach double gumamela is effective. For Eschirichia coli floral extracts from white single, white double and peach single gumamela is effective. The phytochemicals resin, alkaloids, tannins, cardenolides and bufadienolides, proteins and carbohydrates are common to gumamela extracts found effective against the three bacteria used in the study.
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