Development of somatic embryogenesis protocol for African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): terminal report
2008
Quimado, M.O., Philippines Univ. Los Banos, College, Laguna (Philippines). Coll. of Forestry and Natural Resources
Elais guineensis or African oil palm is now grown in the more than 16 countries with Malaysia and Indonesia as the dominant producers and exporters of palm oil. Tissue culture-raised plantlets supply the need for oil palm plantations. In the Philippines, there is no known tissue culture work on oil palm. Tissue culture of the hybrid seeds from Campostela Valley was done in search of an alternative source of planting materials. Mature and immature embryos were excised from the fruits obtained from a plantation in Campostela Valley. The embryos were isolated and inoculated in two inorganic formulations, Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) and Quiroin and Lepoivre (QL) supplemented with various levels, types and combination of 2,4-D, IBA, NAA, Kinetin and Picloram. Different kinds of organic additives such as amino acids, casein, hydrolyzate, myo-inositol and two concentration of coconut water were also tested. After one to two months from the date of inoculation, the embryos germinated into complete plants in ME2 (MS plus 0.1 ml/L NAA and 0.05 ml/L kinetin) while the embryos grown in QL6 (QL plus 44 micro M BA and 25 micro M IBA), only produced shoots. The in vitro germinated seedlings were dissected to obtain leaf, stem, and cotyledonary sections and these were grown in come culture media for callus induction. Calli were induced only from the cotyledonary and stem explants. On the other hand, direct callus formation was obtained from embryos grwon in MP1 (MS plus 1 micro M Picloram), MP3 (MS plus 10 microM Picloram), and QF2 (QL plus 2 ml/L, 2,4-D). The yellowish, nodulated, primary callus formed from the embryo, cotyledon, and stem were subcultured for multiplication and subsequent secondary embryogenesis. Somatic embryos were produced but in low frequency and the development are asynchronous. Some somatic embryos differentiated into shoots. Further manipulation in culture media is needed to induce synchronous somatic embryo production as well as germination of these somatic embryos into complete plantlets. Histology of the calli produced needs to be done to confirm the presence of pro-embryogenic mass (PEMs). The leaf sections as explants failed to produce callus in any treatments tested while the isolated seeds cultured in vitro showed vary poor rate of germination.
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