Improvement of agrotechnology resictance and productivity by the different crop seed macrocapsulating. The experiences in 2002-2007

Seed macrocapsulating (SM) is formation around them a multi-layer capsule (diameter of 10-70 milli m), the covering of which includes all nutrients for seedling development. A technology of macrocapsule production has been developed in field experiments in the Moscow Region in 2004-2007; sweet corn and other crops (potato, vegetables) have been grown from macrocapsulated seeds (MCS). It is found out that the optimal mix composition for SM is compost or biohumus in combination with vermicompost. Pelleting is an optimal technology of compound coating. A process scheme of manufacturing development line is worked out for planting material production by this technique using a scheme active in the conditions of a seed factory. It is suggested to make centralized half-finished products of the capsules with a diameter of 10-15 milli m at industrial pelleters and then to pellete them up to the diameter of 40 milli m on planting site factoring in soil composition. The sprouted MCS spring up faster and more vigourously in compare with common seeds. SM of sweet corn protects the plants against late frosts that enable to sow them at early date. MCS planting in the beginning of May ensures cob yield additions in 2 times comparing with their planting at the end of May. SM allows to increase significantly the maize cob yield (up to 80-100%) of medium early maturing varieties and does not depend in actual fact on the yield of early maturing varieties. Feed value of silage received at MCS using grows up to 100%. Two machines for MCS planting are developed and manufactured: the semimounted 6-rowed elevator machine KSK-6*70 and the 4-rowed machine with rope and screw planting mechanism KKS4*70. The complex suggested technology allows to extend boundary of growing of thermophilic crop high-productive varieties and hybrids at the areas of risk farming in the Russia, particularly to further the maize growing zone by 300-400 km in North direction. The economic benefit of new proposed technology is estimated in 3-4 million rubles per 100 ha.