[Reintroduction of some rare plant species into agrolandscapes of the Stavropol Elevation]
2008
Orlov, O.E.
The aim of the study is to expose the distribution features of 11 rare species in meadow and herb-bunchgrass steppes and also to develop the methods of their reintroduction (R) in agrolandscapes. The objects are zonal steppe ecosystems and so-called agrosteppes (coenosis, which are similar to natural steppes, but reconstructed by a man). R has been done in 3 types of phytocoenosis: in agrosteppe, in agrocoenosis of selected perennial feed grasses (legume-grass mixture) and in combined coenosis of agrosteppe and selected grasses. Two types of R are applied: sowing of seed and transfer of the grown-up plants. High survivability was marked for Paeonia tenuifolia (71-83%), Gymnadenia conopsea (42-83%), Iris pumila (38-96%), Adonis vernalis (50-67%) on the 3 year after R of 9 rare species grown-up plant. Higher survivability is marked at R in the agrosteppe. Tolerable results are achieved for Paeonia tenuifolia (agrocoenosis of selected grasses), Stipa pulcherrima и Iris aphylla (combined coenosis). The coenosis artificially made with the rare species have passed the stages: 1) intensive competition between seedlings of steppe species and segetal weeds; 2) virgin and steppe community formation; 3) ecological niches saturation. At agrosteppes of 24-28 years 9 fruit-bearing rare plant species are revealed. In the agrosteppe association Festuca valesiaca + Koeleria cristata + Medicago romanica (5 ha) individual s number is determined: Stipa pulcherrima – 520, Anemone sylvestris - 250, Orchis tridentata – 83, Paeonia tenuifolia – 70, Adonis vernalis – 25. A steppe longevity forecasting is given because the studied pieces of steppe with reintroduced rare species are comparable with virgin land. It is suggested to make communities with rare plant at composition of erosion-preventive agrosteppe belts with 7-10 m width. Haying and grazing controlled usage is recommended for these belts. The belts can also serve to attract useful entomofauna, to save biodiversity, to improve ecological situation and for other aims.
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