[Evolution, soil fertility reproduction and optimization of fertilizer applying in the agrolandscapes in the Central Ciscaucasia]
2008
Podkolzin, A.I.
In 1964-2006 seven agrolandscapes of the Central Ciscaucasia including the ones of forest steppes, steppes, neardeserts and steppificated meadows are explored. The main crops here are winter cereals, feed crops, spring barley and sunflower. The negative tendency of their ecological condition is showed. Organic substance content in the soils has decreased by 8, 15, 10, 20 and 14% in light chestnut, chestnut, dark chestnut soils, chernozems and leached chernozems respectively; dissolution process is developed. The study of nutrient balance shows that main biogenic element deficient has increased in the last years. Nitrogen deficient is now 55-65% (the highest one of 62-75% is marked in the chestnut soils). Phosphorous deficient has increased in compare with the one in the 80ies up to 90-94%. Potassium deficient has done in compare with the 80ies up to 94-96%. Organic substance balance is negative for the all agrolandscapes. One of effective ways to save soil fertility in the Stavropol Territory is to use more than 3.5 million of tons of the straw, the yield of which is 5.5-6 millions of tons. Gradation of the agrolandscapes in the Stavropol Territory is developed using total exchangeable bases as a marker of soil absorption capacity.
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