[Winter and summer stress influence on grape plantations at different agronomic practises]
2008
Gusejnov, Sh.N., The Ya.N.Potapenko All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Viticulture and Winemaking, Novochierkassk (Russian Federation) | Chigrik, B.V. | Nagiev, Z.S.
The grape plantations were studied in the Krasnodar Territory and the Rostov Region. The effect of low critical temperatures of 2006 winter and fierce drought during the vegetative period in 2007 on them was studied. Type of training, formation and load rate (LR) effect on growth, development, fruiting and yield quality was also studied. The minimum temperatures in January 2006 reached -25 deg C on the Kuban and they did -28 deg C on the Don (Novocherkassk). That caused total losses of bush carcasses upper than 0.15 m above soil for European grape varieties and partial damages of perennial bush part for varieties of interspecific origin. The variety Levokumskij Rannij had vines and eyelets to be good saved. Decrease of fruit-bearing shoot percentage and fruiting coefficient by 30-40% was marked in comparison with the favorable year 2005. The plants with minimum or medium LP resisted better to the winter 2006 frosts. The variety Bianka with small bunches had the maximum meanings of average weight of a bunch, vine yield performance and productivity in the variants with raised LR of 26-30 shoots per a bush in 2006. The varieties Pervenets Magaracha and Dunavski lazur had these meanings in the variants of medium LR (24 and 18 shoots per a bush respectively). After such cold winters it was possible to increase productivity of grape plantations enlarging of LR by 15-10% and then by bruiting of infertile shoots and brining LR up to the optimum. The high temperature in May-June of 2007 and high air dryness at water deficit in soil caused mass flower bud fall of the variety Crystal. A number of set berries in a bunch decreased in 2 times in comparison with the previous years. Berry weight was less by 10-15% than usual one and bunch weight was less more than in 2 times. The raised yields were noted at high training with two-stage locating (in comparison with one-stage locating)
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