[Physical and agronomic estimation of agricultural soils in the Coastal Enisej region of Siberia]
2008
Shpedt, A.A.
The follow soil types of forest and steppe zone of the Krasnodar Territory are studied: different chernozems, grey forest and sod-podzol ones. Field and micro field experiments are hold to estimate effects of fertilizers and some other factors on soil chemical properties and grain crop (GC) performance. Direct correlation of medium force between soil humus content and GC yields is found out which is observed at humus content less than 3%. Melilote green manure (GM) at a dose of 2400-11 600 kg/ha has raised humus content by 0.2-0.3%, mobile humus substances (MHS) by 24-58 milli gram C/100 gram soil, it has done nitrate nitrogen in 1.3-5.3 times, mobile P and K in 1.2 times at GM applying. Yield additions of spring wheat are 820-2000 kg/ha at common weather and they are 430-930 kg/ha in a dry year at background of plant compound reserves of 5000-7000 kg/ha. Optimal time period of GM applying is from the end of August up to the beginning of September. An intensity of humus restoration is in inverse proportion to the period of biological soil activity duration (104-122 days). Soil of the southern slope (SS) differs from the one of a plateau by low humus, MHS and labile organic content. Soils of the slopes of more than 5 deg depletes by nitrate nitrogen. Soils of the northern slopes (NS) have less nitrate nitrogen, but they have ammonium N in 1.8 times more and more changeable K. Differences in pH of a salt suspension of the SS and NS reach 0.37-0.47. It is recommended to grow GC on the soils of humus content no less than 4% and MHS content no less than 300 mg C/100 gram soil. Chernozems have to be remained as fallows for 7-15 years to restoration of humus stores. Sown area extension is recommended to be hold mainly by ploughing up of fallow chernozems and dark grey forest soils; to plough up grey forest and sod-podzol ones is less effective.
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