The effect of maturity and hybrid of maize on the concentrations of deoxynivalenol. Acetyldeoksinivalenol, t-2 toxin, ht-2 toxin and zearalenone in grain and stover | Vpliv zrelosti in hibrida koruze na vsebnosti deoksivalenola, acetildeoksivalenola, t-2 toksina, ht-2 toksina in zearalenona v zrnju in koruznici
2008
Verbic, J., Agricultural Inst. of Slovenia, Ljubljana (Slovenia) | Cergan, Z. | Velikonja-Bolta, S
An exact field experiment was designed with the aim of examining the effect of hybrid and maturity on the concentration of deoxinivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEA), acetyldeoxinivalenol (Ac DON), T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in forage maize. Stover and grain of two stay-green and two non-stay-green hybrids were sampled at four different maturities (Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4) from milk to hard dough stage. The average whole plant dry mater ranged from 269 g/kg at Z1 to 404 g/kg at Z4. The maturation increased the average concentrations of DON, NIV and ZEA in stover from 2095 to 5455, from 999 to 1423 and from 70 to 935 microg/kg dry matter respectively. With maturation also increased the concentrations of Ac DON and T-2 in stover which were expressed either by the higher proportion of samples with detectable concentrations or by higher concentrations of these mycotoxines in positive samples. The concentrations of mycotoxins in grain were considerably lower than in stover. Fifty % of grain samples were contaminated with DON and Ac DON (average of positive samples 617 and 344 microg/kg dry matter) and 31 % with ZEA (average of positive samples 604 microg/kg dry matter). The concentrations of NIV and T-2 in grain were below the limit of detection. HT-2 was detected neither in stover nor in grain. The stover of stay-green hybrids were characterised by significantly lower concentration of DON than samples of non-stay-green hybrids (2818 vs. 4332 microg/kg dry matter). The concentration of ZEA tended to be higher in stay-green hybrids (548 vs. 244 microg/kg dry matter). The concentrations of DON and ZEA in forage maize, which were calculated on the basis of concentrations in stover and grain and their proportions in total dry matter yield, generally did not exceed the guidance values for adult ruminants. An exception was one sample at high maturity that exceeded the guidance value for ZEA.
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