Composition, energy value and aerobic stability of silage made of hail damaged maize | Sestava, energijska vrednost in aerobna obstojnost silaze iz koruze, ki jo je poskodovala toca
2009
Verbic, J., Agricultural Inst. of Slovenia, Ljubljana (Slovenia) | Puhan, J. | Hohler, A. | Tumpej, I. | Znidarsic, T. | Kmecl, V.
Maize that was heavily damaged by hail in July and August 2008 was investigated from the aspect of ensiling properties, nitrate and mycotoxin concentration and energy value for ruminants. In Experiment 1, experimental ensiling was done 3 and 57 days after hail that occurred on July 13 (LAB D3 in LAB D57). Forage maize for treatments LAB D3 and LAB D57 contained 248 and 42 g water soluble carbohydrates and 2619 and 965 mg NO3-N per kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. Silages LAB D3 and LAB D57 contained 168 and 390 g DM per kg. In DM they contained 22 and 360 g of starch, 26 and 5 g of water soluble carbohydrates, 109 and 50 g of lactic acid and 23 and 16 g of acetic acid per kg, respectively. Butyric acid was not detected in any of silages. Differences in aerobic stability of silages were small and not significant (606 and 550 hours in LAB D3 and LAB D57, respectively). Nitrates remained unchanged during the ensiling process (2645 and 965 mg NO3-N per kg DM in silages LAB D3 and LAB D57). Concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON), acetyl deoxynivalenol (Ac-DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in LAB D3 silage were bellow detection limit ( 53 g per kg DM) while in LAB D57 silage they were 4405, 1942 and 53 g per kg DM. Concentration of net energy of lactation (NEL) and metabolizable energy (ME) were higher in LAB D57 (6.15 and 10.26 MJ) than in LAB D3 (5.41 and 9.23 MJ per kg DM). DM yield increased between the first and the second sampling period from 7.38 to 12.53 t per ha and NEL yield increased from 39.9 to 77.0 thousands MJ per ha. In Experiment 2, ten farm silages produced from damaged maize were sampled. Maize was damaged by hail either on July 13, August 15 or August 23 and silages were made between August 28 and October 7. They contained from 299 to 477 g DM per kg. In DM they contained 182 to 269 g of crude fibre, 298 to 432 g of starch, 5.79 to 6.50 MJ NEL, 9.62 to 10.67 MJ ME, 9.69 to 60.00 g of lactic acid, 2.01 to 26.08 g acetic acid, 0.00 to 0.45 g butyric acid, 0.8 to 288.1 mg NO3-N, 1467 to 4429 g DON, 53 g Ac-DON and 187 to 955 g NIV per kg. The results indicate that after hail damage it is reasonable to wait with ensiling until maize DM reaches 300 g per kg.
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