Esca and fungal community | Esca de la vigne et communauté fongique
2009
Hofstetter, V. | Casieri, I. | Viret, O. | Gindro, K., Station de recherche Agroscope Changins-Waedenswil ACW, Nyon (Switzerland)
Studies on fungi associated with Vitis vinifera, essentially focused on esca symptomatic plants, have shown that many and systematically diverse fungi are present in diseased wood. Among these fungi, several have also been isolated from healthy grapevine plants. The shift from a saprotrophic/endophytic to a pathogenic behaviour suggests that the fungal community associated with grapes is unbalanced through time. To investigate the fungal community associated with V. vinifera, the esca-sensitive cultivar Chasselas was chosen to isolate fungi growing from both surface-sterilised apoplectic and young asymptomatic wood. The isolates were characterized based on morphology and ITS sequences. Our molecular classification is based on four loci. Fungal communities retrieved from symptomatic and asymptomatic grapes are dominated by Sordariomycetes, mainly Hypocreales and Xylariales, but they differ among each other partially in their respective species composition. Using both our own sequences and existing data produced by the project ‘AFTOL’, the phylogenetic placement of some species of incertae sedis was inferred within the ascomycetes and the potential of the genes sequenced was explored to design molecular tools for different systematic ranks to study the evolution of the fungal community in grapevine wood.
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