Study on eight characteristics in micro-endosperm corns

Chinese. 目的】探讨微胚乳超高油玉米（微胚乳玉米）在胚乳很少的状态下,其含油率等主要性状的特性表现。【方法】利用10大类型24个玉米材料,通过测定籽粒重和含油率,胚和去胚籽粒（即籽粒除了胚以外的其它部分）的重量和含油率及蛋白质含量等性状,并分析胚重/籽粒重比值及对以上性状进行方差分析与相关分析,分析3大类微胚乳玉米与7大类非微胚乳玉米的性状差异。【结果】在籽粒含油率、去胚籽粒含油率、胚重与籽粒重之比性状中,3大类微胚乳玉米的值均大于7大类非微胚乳玉米的值;在籽粒重和去胚籽粒重性状中,3大类微胚乳玉米的值均小于7大类非微胚乳玉米的值;在蛋白质含量性状中,3大类微胚乳玉米的值排在10大类中第1、3、5位。以上性状的方差分析结果显示,微胚乳玉米与非微胚乳玉米均有显著或极显著差异。结果还显示,微胚乳玉米的油分不仅存在于胚,而且在去胚籽粒中也含有6.21%～12.92%的油分。【结论】3大类微胚乳玉米以上的6个性状与7大类非微胚乳玉米形成了明显的差异。微胚乳玉米籽粒胚乳少、胚大、含油率高、蛋白质含量高、具有良好的育种开发前景。

English. [Objective] In order to understand the properties of main characteristics in kernel oil percentage and other traits about MECs （Micro-endosperm super high oil com.） under the state of very few endosperm. [Method] The measurements were taken on the weight and oil percentage of kernel, the weight and oil percentage of embryo and embryo-removed kernel （ERK）, and the protein content which from 24 materials in ten corn types. The different characteristics between three MECs and the other seven non-MECs were analysized. [Result] It was found that the kernel weight and ERK weight of three MECs were less, but their kernel oil percentage, ERK oil percentage and ratio of embryo weight/kernel weight were higher than the others. The order of protein content of three MECs in the ten corn types was 1, 3 and 5, respectively. The differences of the six characteristics above between three MECs and other seven non-MECs were significant （P〈0.01 or 0.05）. At the same time, another result showed that the oil of three MECs not only existed in the embryo, but also had 6.21%-12.92% in the ERK. [Conclusion] There was a clearly difference between three MECs and seven non-MECs in above six characteristics. The EMCs which main product is embryo can be used by further breeding because of their unique characteristics of micro-endosperm, big embryo and high contents of oils and protein in kernels.