Effects of rearing conditions on growth，meat quality，biochemical parameters in Holstein bull calves | 饲养方式对荷斯坦公犊生长、肉质及血液生化指标的影响

Chinese. 研究3种饲养方式下荷斯坦公犊的生长情况、肉质及血液生化指标，为饲养荷斯坦公犊、生产优质犊牛肉提供依据。选择初生质量45.30 kg左右（P0.05）的健康荷斯坦公犊36头，随机分为全乳组、代乳组和精料组3组，每组12头，试验期6个月。（1）与代乳组、精料组相比较，全乳组荷斯坦公犊6月龄质量分别提高45.5，62.1 kg，日增质量分别提高0.256，0.336 kg，差异均极显著（P0.01）。（2）与精料组相比较，全乳组和代乳组失水率分别降低2.60%，2.52%，系水力分别提高10.48%，10.40%，嫩度分别降低30.55%，28.91%，差异均极显著（P0.01）。精料组肉色评分显著高于全乳组和代乳组（P0.05）。（3）代乳组和精料组油酸、不饱和脂肪酸相对含量均高于全乳组，代乳组亚油酸、必需脂肪酸相对含量均极显著高于其他2组（P0.01）。（4）代乳组和精料组总胆固醇含量极显著高于全乳组（P0.01），同时代乳组白蛋白含量也较全乳组低3.9%（P0.05）。全乳饲养的荷斯坦公犊生长速度最快，代乳饲养所产犊牛肉肉质综合指标最好，而且不同饲养方式对荷斯坦公犊血液生化指标有较显著影响。

English. Correlation between sero-enzyme, growth and meat quality of bull calves were analyzed to investigate changing rule of sero-enzyme in growth process, which provided evidence for feeding Holstein bull calves and producing high-quailty meat. 36 healthy Holstein bull calves with similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups to conduct 184-day trial, feeding whole milk, milk replacers and concentrate respectively. (1) Compared with milk replacers group, whole milk group and concentrate group had an extremely significant difference in final weight, and average daily gain (P0.01), respectively 45.5, 62.1 kg and 0.256, 0.336 kg higher. But compared with concentrate group, milk replacers group had no difference in final weight, weight gain and average daily gain (P0.05). (2) Whole milk group and milk replacers group was 2.60%, 2.52% lower than concentrate group in water loss rate, 10.48%, 10.40% higher in water holding capacity，and 30.55%, 28.91% lower in tenderness (P0.01), but concentrate group was higher than milk group and milk replacers group in meat color score (P0.05). (3) Milk replacers group and concentrate group were higher than milk group in unsaturated fatty acid relative content (P0.01); Essential fatty acids relative content of milk replacers group was the highest (P0.01). (4) The total cholesterin content of milk replacers group and concentrate group was higher than whole milk group (P0.01), and milk replacers group was 3.9% lower than whole milk group in albumin content (P0.05). The speed of growth and development of the calves fed whole milk is the fastest, the milk replacers produce the highest quality meat, and the different rearing conditions have conspicuous effects on biochemical parameters in Holstein bull calves.