Interacciones en las raíces y la eficacia de Pochonia chlamydosporia como agente de control biológico
2010
Kerry, B.R., Nematode Interactions Unit, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden Inglaterra | Clark, I.M., Nematode Interactions Unit, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden Inglaterra | Esteves, I., Nematode Interactions Unit, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden Inglaterra | Finelli, M., CNR, Bari Italy | Hirsch, P.R., Nematode Interactions Unit, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden Inglaterra | Gómez, L., Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, La Habana Cuba | Manzanilla, R.H., Nematode Interactions Unit, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden Inglaterra | Rosso, L.C., CNR, Bari Italy
Pochonia chlamydosporia, a fungal facultative parasite of the sedentary stages of nematodes has been developed as a biological control agent. There is much intra-specific variation with different biotypes of the fungus occurring on the same root gall or in the same nematode eggmass. In vitro, the hyphae of compatible biotypes may anastomose and enable genetic exchange between them. Biotypes that are abundant in the rhizosphere may infect few nematode eggs and there is no simple relationship between the number of fungal propagules and their parasitic activity. Biotypes have host preferences which are related to the host from which they were originally isolated. Comparisons of different biotypes suggest that there is a fitness cost of virulence. However, those which colonise the rhizosphere more slowly tend to parasitise more eggs and may eventually be more abundant than those biotypes that grow rapidly in soil. The regulation of the switch from the saprophytic to the parasitic phase is poorly understood but it is clear that the availability of readily metabolised nutrients inhibits parasitism. Gene expression in the fungus has been compared in rich and minimal media and in the minimal medium supplemented with nematode eggs, facilitating identification of some genes that are induced by host presence and repressed in the rich medium. Understanding the relationship between the nutrition of the fungus and its parasitic activity has practical relevance for the combined use of the fungus with organic amendments to soil.
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