Etiology of Stone Fruit Decline in Kurdistan Province.
2008
Bahrami Kamangar, Saman | Karami, Farhad | Moradi, Mohammad
A number of different agents cause decline and death of stone fruit trees that their identification plays an important role in management of the diseases and reduction of yield loss. Around 10% of orchards in Kurdistan province belong to stone fruits including cherry, peach, plum, and apricot. In this study, different symptoms observed in the stone fruit orchards were classified in 15 groups as below: 1. Gummosis and browning of crown area spreading down to the main roots, 2. Gummosis and browning of branches and main stem extending toward the centre of the stem, 3. Sever branching (Witch s broom) and malformation and mosaic in leaves of apricot in particular in Shahroodi cultivar, 4. Necrotic areas in stem or main branches without or less gum exudates developing as a ring around the branch causing the death of apical parts, 5. The rot of stem and main branches accompanying with mycelia and white basidiocarp, 6. Bud and blossom death with gum production in early spring, 7. Sudden wilt and vine decline with wet rot and browning of cambiums in damp conditions, 8. Sever stem branching (Witch s broom?) and malformation of leaves and reduced leaves and bloom size in peach, 9. Bright yellowing of peach leaves during season turning to red at the end of season along with small blossom, fruit malformation, yield decrease and deterioration, 10. Shot hole wit a range of scorch in leaves, fruits and young branches, 11. Calico and mosaic symptoms in cherry leaves, 12. Necrotic areas in cherry leaves, 13. Wilting of cherry plants without root or crown rot but necrosis in xylem, 14. Gall around 9-10 cm in diameter in a few of old apricot and plum trees, 15. Breaking of stem of plum trees in the graft line. Various agents contributed to these symptoms as follow: 1. Phytophthora, 2. Pseudomonas, 3. causal organism not identified, 4. Cytospora sp., 5. a basidiomycete with with basidiocarp, 6. Monilinia sp., 7. Xanthomonas sp., 8. causal organism not identified, 9. A phytoplasma same as Peach yellows, 10. Wilsonomyces carpophilus , 11 and 12. Prune Dwarf Ilarvirus, Prunus necrotic ringspot Virus, 13 and 14. Nothing isolated, 15. Incompatibility in stock and graft.
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