Intra and interspecific hybridization of Cotton using embryo-rescue technique.
2008
Ja`fari Mofid Abadi, A`li | Zangi, Mohammad Reza | Miri, A`li Asghar
Gibberellic acid growth regulator and ovule-embryo culture was used to develop inter and intra-specific hybrid between different ploidy level of cotton. In order to retain boll and hybrid seed setting emasculated flowers of two G. hirsutum commercial veracities (Sahel and sephid) as a seed parents pollinated with pollen grain of different donor pollen grain parents in two direction. Pollinated flowers have been treated with 100 ppm concentration of GA3 to reduce flower abscission in inter and intra-specific crosses. There was a significant difference between 100 ppm GA3 with control for boll development at 1 % level using Chi-squre test. Maximum boll development (64%) has been observed in Sephid x Hashem Abad when treated with 100 ppm GA3 after 45 DAP (Day after pollination), While only 7.5% of pollinated flowers led to develop boll when GA3 growth regulators was not used. There were not significant differences between diploid and tetraploid when they were used as seed parents in all crosses for boll retention. No ovule-embryo development and direct plant germination have been observed in less than 45 days (3, 30 days) old embryo culture. 45 days old embryos (the days after pollination) in both inter and intra crosses produced hybrid plant when transferred to the hormone free MS medium. Highly significant differences have been observed between different ploidy levels of seed parents for embryo germination at ل =1%. Sephid x Kashmer produced highest embryo germination among all cross (73.3%). Metalloid seed parent showed highest embryo germination than diploid one (13.75 and 10.5% respectively). Highest cross combination (82%) was appeared in tetra with tetra ploid while lowest level belongs to cross between diploid and tetraploid. The seeds in distance crosses between tetraplohd and diploid parents were not as well developed as those from the self pollinated female parents. The number of seeds per boll was varied between 0-1 seed per boll. The hybrid plant was more vigorous than either parent or showed morphology intermediate between the two parents for several traits. Sterile hybrid plants observed among crosses between tatrapolid and diploid.
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