Taxonomic studies of the nectrioid fungi in Japan
2009
Hirooka, Y., USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville (USA)
Within kingdom Fungi, the nectrioid fungi are a group that includes members of the families Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). The nectrioid fungi are characterized by small-size (about 0.3 mm in diam.), light to bright color, soft-textured perithecia, unitunicate asci, ascospores with articulated cells and various phialidic anamorphs. Some are plant pathogens that cause serious damage to agricultural crops, and some act as effective agents for biological control of disease. These fungi also produce powerful antibiotics, and some produce potent and harmful mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to explore the taxonomic studies of Asian nectrioid fungi with a focus on Japanese species. The taxonomic history, biology, characteristics and nomenclature of nectrioid fungi were examined using past herbarium and newly collected specimens. Collections of 57 species belonging to 16 genera were identified in 555 isolates based on recent taxa. One new genus and 11 new species were described. Forty two species were transferred to an appropriate genus, species or variety. Differences in the number of ascospores per ascus were shown to be an important character for distinguishing groups. A comprehensive dichotomous key of the genera of Japanese nectrioid fungi was included.
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