Studies on tillage and compaction method for improving the emergence in direct sowing sugar beets
2009
Inano, I., Hokkaido. Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Naganuma (Japan)
Production history of sugar beet and the present subject. The cultivation of sugar beets started in Japan in 1871 mainly utilizing direct seeding cultivation until around 1962 when paper-pot transplant cultivation became more common. In Hokkaido, where the early growth and yield of paper-pot transplant cultivation maintained a high level of stability, 95% of sugar beet cultivation utilized paper-pot transplant cultivation. However, thinning is no longer necessary, due to the development of mono germ and pelletized seed. In spite of the advantages of direct seeding such as reducing work hours and cost, some farmers don't convert to direct seeding from transplanting for the following reasons: lower yield, perturbation of emergence, and vulnerability to wind erosion and frost. According to the 2007 measure for agriculture subsidies, it is expected that manageable arable-land scale will expand, increasing the land area of direct seeding. However, farmers may hesitate to change their method of cultivation due to the perceived disadvantages of direct seeding not to mention the time required for conversion to direct seeding. In any case, the first part of such a conversion would be the establishment of an ideal seedbed cultivation and seeding method. The objective of this research is to find an ideal seedbed preparation and seeding method with a target seed emergence of 85%. It should be noted that the time demanded for seedbed preparation will be different in lowland soil where soil pulverization is more difficult.
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