Changes in the concept of Keikan (landscape) in the fields of landscape architecture and engineering
2010
Watanabe, A., Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture (Japan) | Shinji, I. | Yamabe, N.
Although the word keikan (landscape) entered the legal lexicon when the Japanese Landscape Law was passed in 2004, the term has not been given a clear definition. The term has been used in a wide range of fields, but the process of introducing the word and its usage have varied depending on the field. This paper traces the changing use and concept of the term keikan in the fields of landscape architecture and engineering. The following three points summarize the conclusions of this study: 1. The concept of 'landscape' in landscape architecture and engineering fields is based on the perspective that landscapes are meant to be planned, created, and controlled, which takes into account many practical considerations as well as a strong relationship with public policies. Both fields view the concept as linking the environment with keikan, that is to say, it provides 'a comprehensive view of the environment'. 2. The concept and technology of landscape in both fields originate in theories of the pursuit of aesthetics in the practice of landscaping, which are embodied in legal systems. Landscape is roughly classified into two types: natural landscape and cultural landscape. While the field of landscape architecture tends to view landscape from the perspective of nature, engineering tends to take an approach focusing on culture (the man-made). 3. The concept of landscape in both fields emphasizes physical appearance, where the visual environment plays a key role. It is expected that both fields will further develop the concept of landscape following the notion of building 'a whole environment in good condition'.
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