Оптимизация генетических и технологических факторов при разведении молочного скота в условиях малых и средних предприятий
2009
Sidorova, V.Yu.
The study is aimed to develop an optimization simulation genetic engineering model of effective activity for a dairy farm. The study was carried out from 1987 to 2007. Holsteinized Black-and-White cattle breeding at small (500 cows) and medium-sized (within 1000 cows) farms was studied in RF, USA, Kirghizia. The model as follows was determined to improve the activity of small and medium-sized dairy enterprises: 0.25x + 0.15y + 0.2z + 0.2K + 0.2w = 1, where x is genetic factors, y is cattle management system factors, z is feeding factors, k is health improvement, w is a human factor. The negative correlation was found between the number of cows at farms and their milk productivity parameter. Among the factors influencing the genetic variability in herds, the most informative are cattle conformation traits. Using linear performance estimation resulted in increasing milk yields on average for farms by 290 kg of milk. The great interrelationship was detected between the milk yield level and individual conformation trains of cows when estimation is linear. The milk yield parameters were really higher in daughters of noninbred stud bulls, and daughters of inbred fathers gave milk with high fat content. The milk productivity of stud bull mothers is not the main index of their rating by breeding value. The interrelationship of father breeding value with daughter milk yields and fat content of milk in RF was +0.22 and +0.57, respectively, in USA - +0.938 and +0.74. The average duration of economic using cows in RF is 2.7 lactations and in USA – 2.0. Providing a food reserve, disposition, milking, motion, health improvement and care of cattle achieves up to 75% of cost of milk production at a small farm. The selection of optimum variants of economic activity by simulating production processes allows at the same time to improve breeding work and organize economic spending funds and material resources at a concrete enterprise
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