Genetic variability and evolutionary peculiarity of isoflavone content and its components in soybean germplasm from China | 中国大豆资源异黄酮含量及其组分的遗传变异和演化特征

Chinese. 【目的】中国拥有丰富的栽培大豆和野生大豆资源,研究不同生态区大豆种质异黄酮含量的遗传变异和演化特征为专用型品种的选育奠定基础。【方法】以来自中国各生态区的580份地方品种、106份育成品种、209份野生大豆组成的895份大豆种质为材料,88份国外品种为参照,采用快速高效液相色谱法测定12种大豆籽粒异黄酮,分析其遗传变异和演化特征。【结果】全国野生大豆、地方品种与育成品种大豆异黄酮总含量(TISF)及其组分均存在很大变异。TISF变幅分别为927.29―7 932.94、259.38―7 725.45和489.67―5 968.90 μg?g-1,平均分别为2 994.51、3 241.33和2 704.83 μg?g-1。从野生种到地方品种再到育成品种,长期人工育种使染料木苷类总含量(尤其是丙二酰基染料木苷)与黄豆苷类总含量(尤其是乙酰基黄豆苷和丙二酰基黄豆苷)增加,大豆苷类总含量(尤其是乙酰基大豆苷)却明显降低,从而导致育成品种平均TISF低于野生种。各生态区的野生和栽培种质的TISF及其组分均有大量变异。野生种TISF与种质来源地经、纬度无显著性相关,栽培种则由于各地人工进化的差异形成了与地理经、纬度均有极显著负相关(r＝-0.264和-0.380)的特点。从983份材料中优选出ZYD3621(TISF 7 932.94 μg?g-1)、N3188(TISF 7 725.45 μg?g-1)、N20793(TGL 5 122.21 μg?g-1)等一批高TISF与高组分特异种质可供异黄酮育种利用。【结论】中国从野生种到地方品种再到育成品种,异黄酮含量及其组分的演化特点为栽培大豆平均异黄酮总含量、染料木苷类与黄豆苷类总含量均高于野生种,大豆苷类总含量低于野生种。中国各生态区域内大豆异黄酮及其组分均有丰富变异,从中筛选出一批高含量、高组分种质可供异黄酮育种利用。

English. 【Objective】 There are numbers of germplasm accessions of soybean, including both cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.), available in China where the former were domesticated from the latter. It is a basic work to characterize the genetic variability and evolutionary peculiarity of the soybean germplasm in breeding for isoflavone contents. 【Method】 The 895 accessions, including 580 landraces, 106 released cultivars, 209 wild materials from various ecological regions in China with 88 released cultivars from abroad as reference, a total of 983 accessions were tested for their 12 isofavone contents by using rapid high performance liquid chromatography technique. 【Result】 A large variation in total isoflavone (TISF) and its components both in cultivated and wild soybeans in China was observed. The ranges of TISF in wild accessions, landraces and released cultivars were 927.29-7 932.94, 259.38-7 725.45 and 489.67-5 968.90 μg?g-1, with their averages of 2 994.51 μg?g-1, 3 241.33 μg?g-1, and 2 704.83 μg?g-1, respectively. In average, with the long term artificial selection, the total genistin group content (TG, especially 6’-O-malonylgenistin) and total glycitin group content (TGL, especially 6’-O-acetyl- and 6’-O- malonylglycitin) increased, while the total daidzin group content (TD, especially 6’-O-acetyldaidzin) decreased obviously, which led TISF in released cultivars lower than that in wild soybean. There existed also great variabibility of isoflavone contents in wild and cultivated soybeans within each eco-region as was that in the whole country. The TISF of cultivated soybeans was negatively correlated both with longitude (r =-0.264) and latitude (r=-0.380) at P＜0.01 significance level, while no such correlation was found in wild soybeans, which indicated that the differential directions of artificial selection acted on the cultivated soybeans among geographic regions caused the correlation between genotypes and geographic sites in the cultivated soybean different from that of the wild soybeans. From the 983 accessions, elite ones, such as ZYD3621 (TISF 7 932.94 μg?g-1), N3188 (TISF 7 725.45 μg?g-1), N20793 (TGL 5 122.21 μg?g-1), etc. were screened out for isflavone breeding. 【Conclusion】 The evolutionary peculiarity of isoflavone content and its components from the wild species to cultivated landrace and to the released cultivars of soybean in China elucidated that the average of TISF, TG and TGL of G. max was higher than that of G. soja, while the average of TD of G. max was lower than that of G. soja. There existed great variation in total isoflavone and its components both in the whole country and in each eco-region in both wild and cultivated soybeans. Elite germplasm accessions with high isoflavone components in G. soja and G. max were screened out for breeding purposes.