The influence of litter age, litter temperature and ventilation rate on ammonia emissions from a broiler rearing facility
2011
Knizatova, M.,Vyskumny Ustav Zivocisnej Vyroby, Nitra (Slovak Republic) | Mihina, S.,Vyskumny Ustav Zivocisnej Vyroby, Nitra (Slovak Republic) | Broucek, J.,Vyskumny Ustav Zivocisnej Vyroby, Nitra (Slovak Republic) | Karandusovska, I.,Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univ., Nitra (Slovak Republic) | Macuhova, J.,Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Poing (Germany)
The research reported in this article attempts to address the ammonia problem by quantifying the effect of several variables on ammonia concentrations and emissions. These variables include litter temperature, litter age and ventilation rate. Data were collected in a commercial tunnel-ventilated grow-out facility with deep litter, designed for 25,000 broilers, during 6 consecutive flocks. Birds were housed from hatching to approximately 40 days of age. Litter temperature and litter age were positively correlated (P less than 0.0001) with the production of ammonia gas. The amount of ammonia emissions increased with the litter age (P less than 0.0001) as a consequence of both the increased ammonia concentration and the ventilation rate (P less than 0.0001). The lowest concentrations of NH3 were observed in summer, although ammonia emissions tended to be higher just in summer months because of a higher ventilation rate. The elevated levels of ammonia in winter were attributed to the lower ventilation rate. After the evaluation of ammonia emissions it can be concluded that during the grow-out period of broilers kept on renewed litter there is an average loss of 6.18 g ammonia per bird and/or 0.043 kg of ammonia per bird yearly. The increase in litter temperature during grow-out periods is a process which could be controlled to prevent excessive ammonia volatilization from housing facilities.
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