Upland rice varieties for Sultan Kudarat [Cotabato, Philippines]

Except for Bli and Dinorado 1, the traditional varieties were taller than the modern varieties, NSIC Rc9, NSIC Rc11, UPL Ri5, and UPL Ri7. Dinorado 3 was the tallest in both seasons, with average heights of 155 cm (WS) [wet season] and 151 cm (DS) [dry season]. Dinorado 1 was the shortest at 90 cm in both seasons. The varieties did not differ significantly in terms of number of productive tillers per hill. Number of tillers was 9-12 for WS and 7-12 for DS. Most of the traditional varieties had longer panicles than the modern varieties. Panicle lengths of traditional varieties was 23-30 cm for both seasons, while those of modern varieties was 20-23 cm for WS and 20-22 for DS. Kasagpi has the longest panicle of 30 cm both in the wet and dry season trials. Binilaan followed with 29 cm during WS and 28 cm during DS. The panicles of Lagari and Kulaman both measured 28 cm for the two seasons. NSIC Rc11 has the shortest panicle of 20 cm in both trials. Kulaman has the most number of filled grains per panicle during the WS (105), while Kasagpi had the most number of filled grains per panicle during the DS (101). UPL Ri5 has the least number of filled grains during the WS (83 per panicle). The least number of filled grains during the DS trial was observed in NSIC Rc11, which had 81 per panicle. Except for Dinorado 1, maturity of traditional varieties was 108-128 DAS (WS), while for modern varieties was 105-118 DAS. DS maturity was 100-125 DAS for traditional varieties and 100-115 DAS for modern varieties. Kulaman and Dinorado 3 were the late-maturing varieties during the WS, maturing at 128 DAS. These were followed by Kasagpi and Binilaan with similar maturity of 125 DAS and Malan with 120 DAS. These varieties were also the late-maturing varieties in the DS trial during which the same trend was observed. Dinorado 1 was the earliest to mature at 96 DAS and 90 DAS during WS and DS, respectively. Bli had the highest grain yield during the WS with 3,995 kg/ha, while Kulaman had the highest yield of 2,840 kg/ha during the DS. Moreover, Kulaman outperformed other varieties in terms of average grain yield for both cropping seasons with 3410 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than the average yields of the four modern varieties, which produced 1,800-2,677 kg/ha. Dinorado 3 was the lowest yielder with an average of 1,445 kg/ha across seasons. During WS, most of the varieties had intermediate reaction to stemborer and leaf folder and were moderately resistant to rice blast and leaf spot. On the other hand, most were resistant to stemborer during the DS and had intermediate reaction to leaf spot. On the other hand, most were resistant to stem borer during the DS and had intermediate reaction to leaf folder. Only NSIC Rc11 was found to be susceptible to rice blast during the DS trial.