Pesca en la costa Jónica meridional de Calabria: Economía de la flota e impacto sobre los recursos marinos en una zona crítica de nidificación de Tortuga Boba
2008
Cambié, G.
The most important Italian nesting site for Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) is the Calabrian Jonian coast, from Capo dell'Armi to Capo Bruzzano. This new discovery calls for implementing important protective measures in the area, in order to preserve both the nesting beaches and the marine area in front of them. The total lack of specific studies on fishing activities in this area motivated us to develop this research, to analyse the fishing sector from a social and economic point of view and its environmental impact. The presence of three different fleet sections, artisanal, polyvalent and recreational, can be seen in the different yearly fishing days, the average boats’ length, their register ton, the fishing gears, the costs, the investment typology and charge, and the productivity and profit. The artisanal sector is the most representative group of the local fishing activities, in terms of boats number. Nevertheless, 87 per cent of them fish in an illegal way because they do not have a register. This precarious condition causes serious social problems that worsen during the summer season, when outside fishing vessels, using drift nets, compete spatially with the artisanal fishermen and cause an unsustainable exploitation of the marine resources. The surface long line fishing is another unsustainable fishing typology, owing to the small size of the sword fish and to the sea turtles by catch. On the contrary, the trammel nets and the bottom long lines are sustainable fishing gears. The legalization and regulation of the fishing activities, the establishment of protected marine areas and the testing of different long line fishing gears are the main themes on which to base a responsible management plan
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