Zinc, nickel, lead and cadmium compounds in ordinary chernozems of the Kamennaya Steppe under long-term application of fertilizers and phosphogypsum | Соединения цинка, никеля, свинца и кадмия в обыкновенных черноземах Каменной Степи при длительном применении удобрений и фосфогипса
2010
Protasova, N.A. | Gorbunova, N.S., Voronezh State Univ. (Russian Federation)
The use of mineral fertilizers (MF) and phosphogypsum (PG) and their prolonged effect on distribution of some compounds of Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd in the ordinary chernozem (OCH) and on crops grown on OCH was studied in field experiments in the Kamennaya Steppe (Russia, Voronezh region). The beginning of experiment was in 1991. The experiments were done at a 10-field crop rotation: peas, winter wheat, sugar beet, barley, corn, peas, triticale, millet, barley and maize. At the each field 3 levels of soil supply by mineral elements were created: natural, enhanced and high. Efficiency of PG (3 000 kg/ha, once per a rotation cycle) was studied. The sampling was in 2002-2004. Soil probes were sampled from the depths of 0-20, 40-50, 70-80 cm. A total content and a content of mobile forms of Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd were determined. A content of heavy metals (HM) was also determined in grain of triticale and maize. A small amount of HM income into the soil with MF and it did significantly more with PG (especially Zn, Pb, Cd). The prolonged use of MF at high doses and of PG did not result in contamination of OCH by Zn, Ni, Pb of plant products, but a remarkable accumulation of Cd was noted in grain of triticale and maize. It was concluded that the MF which have been used at appropriate doses are not a source of contamination by Zn, Ni and Pb for CHO and plant products. PG application contributed to a slight increase of a total content of Zn, Pb and Cd in an arable layer of OCH. An increase of mobility of the compounds of Ni and Cd was noted at a high level of supply by mineral nutrients. Annual application of MF at small doses did not significantly influence on a content and mobility of HM in OCH
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