Estimation of the structural condition by physicomechanics methods | Оценка структурного состояния почв методами физико-механики

English. In given article properties of structure of soils are considered, being based on property of mechanical strength of units and the opportunity of the characteristics of mechanical strength of the unit is proved by surface energy of the solid phase defined on heat of wetting. As objects of research 7 samples of soils with various characteristics of strength have been chosen. Mechanical strength was defined by a method conic Rebinders plastometer. By consideration of sizes of strength of air-dry units in an investigated line of soils the tendency to increase in strength from sod-podzolic soils to chernozems is visible explainable the surface phenomena. Also strength increases downwards on a profile in illuvialed and degraded soils, and decreases in not disturbed and low-disturbed chernozem. In the first case it is caused by washing away of silt particles and a humus in underlaying horizons, in the second presence of a plenty of a humus and a high specific surface in the top horizons. Thus, mechanical strength of units – function of a surface of soil that unites influence of a specific surface, the content of a humus, silt, exchange cations and many other things of parameters. A parameter of surface energy which size unites all the listed factors, heat of wetting which characterizes a molecular-ionic level of the structural organization of soils is. Values of heat of wetting in an researched line of soils increase from sod-podzolic soil to chernozems in parallel with increase in a specific surface. The specific heat of wetting describing quality of a surface, changes depending on the content of a humus. Under influence of agricultural loading in soil there are irreversible changes of a surface. Reduction of a specific surface in a line of soils chernozem virgin- ploughed field – «timeless» fallow, so also activity of a surface reduction in heat of wetting and hydrophilia is natural. Heat of wetting is the proved and convenient size for the characteristics both surface energy of soil, and mechanical strength as functions of this power condition.

Russian. В данной статье рассмотрены особенности структуры почв на основе свойств механической прочности агрегатов и обоснована возможность характеристики механической прочности агрегата поверхностной энергией твердой фазы, определяемой по теплоте смачивания. В свою очередь, энергия твердой фазы почвы определяется по теплоте смачивания. Показано, что механическая прочность агрегатов возрастает от дерново-подзолистых почв к черноземам и зависит от комплекса свойств поверхности почвы, а теплота смачивания является удобной генерализованной характеристикой, позволяющей описать поверхностную энергию почвы, и может быть использована при изучении механической прочности, так как прочность сухих агрегатов функционально зависит от теплоты смачивания, также являясь величиной, зависимой от свойств поверхности.