Effect of varieties and processing on carotenoids and á-tocopherol content of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. fruits
2009
Ramadan, B.R.
The phytochemicals antioxidants; B-carotene, lycopene and a-tocopherol contents of fruits of seven date (soft, semi-dry and dry) varieties were investigated. The results showed that Saidy date variety contained the highest B-carotene amount (3970.0 µg/100g fresh weight) followed by Zaghloul fruits (2767.5 µg/100g fresh weight). While, Khudri fruits recorded the lowest Bcarotene value (80.0 pg/100g fresh weight). Data revealed that the different date varieties presented a lycopene content varied from 170.0 to 3695.0 pg/100g fresh weight for Manthour and Saidy date fruits, respectively. Also, it could be observed that the seven studied date varieties contained amounts of a-tocopherol ranging from 204.0 to 966.0 µg/100g fresh weights. Generally, there were highly significant differences in B-carotene, lycopene and a-tocopherol contents (µg/ g dry weight) among all the studied date varieties; except between Samani and Amri (soft and semi-dry varieties, respectively) in their B-carotene content. From the present results, every 100g of fresh date flesh will provide an adult human with 2.70 to 132.33% of his daily requirements of B-carotene. However, the same weight of date will coverd only 1.02 to 4.83% of his atocopherol daily needs. The effect of technological processes on the studied phytochemical levels of Khudri date products were also studied. It was observed that the heat treatment during the preparation of Khudri date juices occurred an increase in Bcarotene (1.75 %) and a-tocopherol (126.65 %) levels compared with the raw fruits, while, lycopene content was decreased by 21.07 %. Besides, the processing of date syrup (Dibs) caused a more decreased in both B-carotene and lycopene in the syrupcomparedwitthe raw juice while a-tocopherol was not detected. The by-product date fiber had high level of a-tocopherol 5.26 uµg\\g dry weigh
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