Evaluation of Streptomycin in control of pome fruit Fireblight.
2009
Qasemi, Abu Al-Qasem | Davudi, A`bbas | Azad Bakht, Nader | Dashtaki, A. | Mobarakian, D.
Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating plant disease affecting apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. Management of Fire blight is mainly based on application of antiobiotics and other bacteriocide the application of which causes reduction in primary inoculom and in consequence disease reduction. In the present study, the effects of three different dosages of streptomycin (50, 100 and 200ppm) , and organic bacteriocide, Copper oxycloride (1000ppm) were tested in a Completely Randomized Block Design(CRBD) with five replications. The experiments were performed in different geographical locations including a pear and quince orchards in Arak, a pear orchard in Qazvin and an apple orchard in Lorestan provinces and total count of Erwinia amylovora on blossom after 4 days was recorded. Results showed that all treatments significantly reduced the bacterial population. The disease did not eastablish in Arak province when the bloom examined. . The result indicated that 100 and 200 ppm concentrations of Streptomycin significantly decreased the bloom infection by the bacterium compared with untreated control. To examine the progress of disease in later stages, the percentage of shoot blight in midseason was also determined. Results showed that there were no significant diferences between treatments on pear in Qazvin provinces however all the treatments significantly decreases the percentage of shoot blight compared with untreated control. In contrast, 100 and 200 ppm of streptomycin showed significant decrease of shoot blight on quince in Arak provinces. To sum it up, 1000 ppm Copper oxycloride as well as 100 ppm Sterptomycin can be considered as a tool for chemical control of fire blight in both blooming period and midseason. On the other hand, due to development of resistance to antibiotic as reported in previous study, a rotation of antibiotics by copper compounds is highly recommended in the management of the disease in Iran.
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