Optimum reuse of municipal wastewater for wheat production.
2009
Rahmani, Hamid Reza | Baghuri, Esmaeil | Saqafi, Kobra | Mashayekhi, Parisa | Moshgel Gosha, Narges | Sharifi, Hossein | Ebrahimi, Hamid Reza | A`rab, mojtaba
Use of wastewater (EW) for irrigation in many countries, especially countries located in arid regions is common. More than 80 percent of Iran lands are located in dry region. Water saving and reuse of sewage effluent can be effective in water deficit condition. Considering the optimum use of municipal wastewater is very important because of population and volume of wastewater increase. The quality of municipal EW of Esfahan Northern Water Treatment plan, and its impact on soil, plants and water resources (well-water) was studied in two regions. Five farms were selected in area using municipal EW during four years study (3 farms Irrigated with EW (regions 1) and two irrigated with well-water (regions 2)). The quality of EW and well water such as pH, EC, TDS, TSS, N-NO3, cations, anions, BOD, COD, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Fe and Pb were analyzed. The soil samples were analyzed for pH, EC, texture, organic matter, cations, anions, available phosphorous, available potassium, nitrogen, Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn and, Pb. The plants samples were analyzed for percent dry matter content and the same heavy metals as soil samples. The results were compared with permissible concentration levels. The selected farms area was approximately 0.3 hactars. In each farm, composite soil sample from three fields from 0-30 cm depth were collected in three replicates. Wheat root, shoot, and grains were sampled in all fields. The result showed that the long-term irrigation might be cause heavy metal accumulation in soil as well as limitation for COD and TSS of EW. The percentage of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium and heavy metals were higher than the soil irrigated with well water. It is important to clarify that diminishing the limitations from EW is necessary for optimum use of municipal wastewater in agriculture lands.
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