Migration trends and factors influencing | Migrācijas tendences un tās ietekmējošie faktori

Latvian. Raksta mērķis ir analizēt pasaules migrācijas tendences un tās ietekmējošos faktorus. Rakstā analizētas Āzijas, Āfrikas, Eiropas, Latīņamerikas, Ziemeļamerikas un Okeānijas migrācijas tendences un šo valstu veiktās izmaiņas migrācijas politikā. Globālās krīzes ietekmē daudzas valstis ir pārskatījušas savu migrācijas politiku un veikušas izmaiņas, ņemot vērā reģiona ekonomisko situāciju. Imigrācijas valstīs migrācijas politika tiek vērsta uz vietējā darba tirgus aizsardzību, emigrācijas valstīs tiek ieviesta migrācijas politika, kas veicina reemigrāciju.

English. Migration is rapidly increasing worldwide and it also affects the economically developed countries. Economic motivation is an important drive of migration flows. Population migration process can significantly affect development of a territory since population is modified, its composition by gender, age, marital status, education, ethnicity and other features, thus also influencing the natural movement. Nowadays migration is a global process. It can be analysed from various aspects, ranging from push-pill migration to global migration flows. Due to the global inequality, migration will continue to evolve. Along with the economic recuperation, migration flows and directions can change, starting to focus on those countries, which will be able to successfully develop after the crisis by attracting new migration flows. Due to demographic, economic and social reasons, countries with high economic growth increasingly rely on immigrant workforce. In the near future, Asia, Middle East and South Africa can replace immigration regions the most popular at present, such as Australia, North America and Europe. Migration to these regions can resume as soon as the crisis ends. Migration is movement of citizens or other breathers, as a result of which their distribution on a territory, as well as quantity and composition in every involved region alters on the short- or long-term. The article aims to analyse the global migration trends and its influencing factors. The article analyses the Asian, African, European, Latin American, North American and Oceanian migration policies. When working out a migration policy, each region tends to regulate migration flows considering the country's economic and labor market situation. It is concluded that if the world population grows, migration flows increase either. Migration is led by both economic and non-economic factors. The main motives of migration are driven by economic needs such as a better job, higher income, quality of life, etc. As a result of the global crisis, countries have reviewed their migration policies and made amendments coinciding with the regional economic situation. In immigration countries, migration policies are focused on the local labour market protection, while in emigration countries – on stimulating re-emigration.