Minimum inhibitory concentration of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (paraben) combinations against toxigenic fungi.
1994
Thompson D.P.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies were conducted to observe synergistic, antagonistic or additive effects produced by combinations of butyl paraben, ethyl paraben, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben against mycelial growth of mycotoxigenic species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. On an individual molar basis, MIC results indicated butyl and propyl paraben were the most effective parabens with complete mycelial inhibition ranging from 1.0-2.0 mM for the majority of the test fungi. Methyl paraben was the least effective of the four parabens with an MIC which ranged from 3.5 to greater than 4.0 mM. The combined effects of the parabens reveal a synergistic effect when equimolar concentrations of parabens were used against Aspergillus flavus (ATCC 15548), Fusarium graminearum (ATCC 66749), and Penicillium aurantiogriseum (ATCC 58608). However, the synergistic effect between parabens in dual combinations were more pronounced against F. graminearum and P. aurantiogriseum. The results strongly suggest that the effect of dual combinations of the parabens in equimolar concentrations could be effective as fungitoxicants against species of mycotoxigenic fungi and possibly against species of nonmycotoxigenic fungi.
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