Sex pheromone of cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii Riley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
1994
McDonough L.M. | Averill A.L. | Davis H.G. | Smithhisler C.L. | Murray D.A. | Chapman P.S. | Voerman S. | Dapsis L.J. | Averill M.M.
The following compounds and (approximate ratios) were identified in sex pheromone gland extracts of female Acrobasis vaccinii Riley by comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometric traces with those of synthetic standards: (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, (Z,Z), and (E,E)-8,10-pentadecadien-1-ol acetates (100:1:2:12), a dodecen-1-ol acetate (8), (Z)-8-, (Z)-9-, and (E)9-pentadecen-1-ol acetates (3:23:4), two heptadecen-1-ol acetates (4:4), tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, and heptadecyl acetates (3:15:10:8), dodecan-1-ol (6), tetradecan-1-ol (5), and hexadecan-1-ol (23). The amount of (E,Z)-8,10-pentadecadien-1-ol acetate (E8,Z10-15:Ac) in the extract was about 0.5 ng/female. Electroantennographic analysis of gas chromatographic fractions of female sex pheromone gland extract showed that the fraction containing E8,Z10-15:Ac elicited the greatest response. Alone, E8,Z10-15:Ac failed to elicit upwind flight of males in flight-tunnel tests, and traps baited with it did not catch males in field experiments. When E8,Z10-15:Ac was combined with (E)-9-pentadecen-1-ol acetate (100:4), male upwind flight response in flight-tunnel tests was equivalent to those obtained with extract of female sex pheromone glands (synthetic, 62%; natural, 51%), but the percent of males flying upwind that contacted the source was lower (synthetic, 47%; natural, 88%). The lower percent of source contact elicited by the synthetic pheromone could be a result of the difference in isomer ratios of 8,10-15:Ac in the natural and synthetic pheromone or could indicate that the synthetic pheromone is incomplete. Traps baited with the 100:4 combination caught large numbers of males in field experiments.
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