Pencapaian ke arah hasil potensi pokok sawit [di Malaysia].
1995
Foong S.F.
The potential yield of an area is defined as the maximum possible yield of that area given the most favourable environmental condition of that area, together with adequate fertilizers. It should serve as the stretched target yield for the management to achieve. For simplicity, the potential in this country can be classified into three broad groups based on rainfall regimes and these are sub-divided into three classes depending on terrain. Wet areas with gently undulating terrain can have a potentially yield as high as 31-32 tonnes FFB/ha at the mature stage whereas for dry areas with steep terrain, the potential yield can be as low as 18-19 tonnes/ha at the mature stage. In order to achieve high yields close to the potential level, it is necessary to understand the development of the oil palm inflorescences and the various factors affecting its development. The interval between primordia initiation and harvest time is about 33 months for young palms and about 37 months for older palms. During this interval, the oil palm inflorescence undergoes several stages of phenological development which are sensitive to the environment, especially moisture stress. At the sex differentiation stage, which occurs about one year after primordia initiation, moisture stress will result in higher proportions of male inflorescences. Furthermore, moisture stress will also lead to a higher occurrence of inflorescence abortion at 8-10 months before harvest. Under very severe moisture stress, bunch failure may occur 2-4 months after anthesis. Excessive crop production over a short period will also result in inflorescence abortion and this is termed interbunch competition. Hence, moisture conservation is the key the major yield improvement in oil palm. The main moisture conservation practices include (i) terracing for steep areas, (ii) maximum vegetative ground cover in the interrow and inter-palm areas, (iii) spreading of pruned fronds to cover as much area as possible and placing the fronds across the slope, and (iv) inverting water from the road back to the field. Other agronomic practices towards achieving potential yield are (i) keeping sufficient fronds for the palm, about 43-45 fronds for young palms and 38-40 fronds for older palms, (ii) palm thinning to provide better light exposure for the remaining palms, and (iii) adequate fertilizers and their proper application. The potential yield as determined by climate and soil conditions could be further raised by the use of empty fruit brunches (EFB), palm oil effluent (POME) and irrigation.
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