A pequena agricultura, o preco da terra e as politicas fundiarias.

French. La realite agricole des pays capitalistes plus avances n' a pas confirme la perte d' importance de l' element foncier. Cet expose cherche a rendre compte de la facon dont la theorie economique a envisage le probleme de la terre, et particulierement, son prix. On propose egalement un cadre analytique base sur la nature sociale de la relation de propriete, capable de depasser les insuffisances d' une theorie qui renferme les phenomenes dans l' espace limite des categories du marche et de l' entreprise. Partant des concepts de formes de propriete et de systeme foncier (instruments analytiques consideres plus adequats a la realite agraire des formations sociales complexes) on developpe le concept de propriete paysanne. On insiste notamment sur l' importance des aspects juridiques et ideologiques, soit interieurement dans la reproduction de sa base materielle, soit exterieurement dans la reproduction du systeme social dominant.

English. The agrarian situation of the advanced capitalist countries has not confirmed the loss of importance of land following the presumed generalization in agriculture of the entrepreneurial model common to other sectors of the economy. This essay tries to explain how economic theory has faced the problem of land and especially the problem of its price, proposing an analytical frame based on the social nature of the property relationship, capable of surpassing the inadequacies of a theory which confines the facts within the closed space of both the market and the enterprise categories. Starting from the concepts of types of property and of agrarian system, the most suitable analytical tools for the agrarian reality of complex social formations are considered, the concept of peasant ownership is developed, pointing out the importance of its juridical and ideological aspects, internally in the reproduction of its material basis, as well as externally in the reproduction of the dominant social system.