Respon genotipe jagung terhadap keracunan aluminium, 2: Keragaan lapang varietas jagung pada lahan masam dan hubungannya dengan keragaan pada tahap semaian.
1990
Kasim F. | Wassom C.E.
Breeding for genetic tolerance to soil Al stress requires an effective screening method to distinguish between tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Field studies to evaluate corn (Zea mays L.) populations for tolerance to aluminum toxicity were carried out in tropical acid soils, in Colombia, South America. Fifty varieties were grown at four sites which differed in soil aluminum saturation. A block-in-replications design with five replication was used in the experiments. Field response variables of the varieties and two other sets of materials were correlated with variables in the solution method based on genotype means. Genetic variability existed among varieties tested. Increased Al stress appeared to be related to delayed maturity, increased ear rot percentage, poor plant vigor, ear aspect, and reduced yield. Plant vigor score was a good indicator for selecting aluminum tolerance during the growing period. Yield relative to the mean of the ten best entries was the best parameter among relative values. However, the actual yield would give the same predicted gain as the relative yield would. Significant correlations were found between the results from nutrient solutions and field growth parameters when the material were grown in the highest Al stress. The responses from the nutrient solution method involving root growth in Al stress solutions did not always correlate with the responses when grown on acid soils.
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